Philadelphia International Records
Philadelphia International Records is a record label founded by writer-producers, Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff in 1971. It was famous for showcasing the sub-genre of Philadelphia soul music and released a string of worldwide hits during the decade.
History
The label was set up in connection with the music publishing company run by Gamble, Huff and another Philadelphia producer, Thom Bell (Mighty Three/ Assorted Music). Main artists signed to the label included The O'Jays, Harold Melvin & The Blue Notes (including lead singer Teddy Pendergrass, who later signed a solo deal), Lou Rawls, The Three Degrees, and Billy Paul.
The label's major hits included: "TSOP (The Sound Of Philadelphia)" by MFSB, featuring The Three Degrees, 1974 (which was later adopted as the theme of the TV dance-music show "Soul Train"); "Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now" by McFadden & Whitehead (writers and producers with the label), 1979; "Backstabbers" and "Love Train" by The O'Jays, 1972/3; "If You Don't Know Me By Now" and "The Love I Lost" by Harold Melvin & The Blue Notes, 1972/3; "Me And Mrs Jones" by Billy Paul, 1972; "When Will I See You Again" by The Three Degrees, 1974; and "You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine" by Lou Rawls, 1976.
The label had a distribution deal with CBS Records until 1984. Distribution of the catalog from 1976 onwards was then taken over by EMI, but CBS/Sony Music Entertainment continued to distribute material recorded up to 1976. In 2007, Sony's Legacy Recordings regained the rights to Philadelphia International's full catalog and the following year, PIR/Legacy released a box set titled Love Train: The Sound of Philadelphia.[1]
Most of the music released by the label was recorded and produced at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia, with chief engineer later studio owner, Joe Tarsia recording many of the sessions. More than 30 resident studio musicians, known together as MFSB "Mother Father Sister Brother", were based at this studio and backed up most of these recordings. Some of these musicians also acted as arrangers, writers or producers for Philadelphia International as well as for other labels recording in the city. They included Bobby Martin, Norman Harris, Ronnie Baker, Earl Young, Bobby Eli and Vince Montana.
Gamble and Huff worked as independent producers with a series of artists in the late 1960s and early 1970s, including Jerry Butler, Wilson Pickett and Dusty Springfield. They also produced The Jacksons' first two albums for Columbia/CBS after the group had left Motown in 1976. The first titled The Jacksons featured the platinum-selling single "Enjoy Yourself" and a second album, Goin' Places followed in 1977. Although on CBS subsidiary, Epic, both albums and the singles also carried a Philadelphia International logo.
In 1965, Gamble and Huff started an independent label, Excel Records. It was soon re-named Gamble Records and in 1972, was folded into Philadelphia International as a subsidiary. In 1974, the subsidiary's name was changed to TSOP Records. The name comes from the 1974 hit single, "TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)", by MFSB and The Three Degrees. Artists for Excel/Gamble/TSOP included The Intruders, Dee Dee Sharp, and Archie Bell & the Drells. Later signings to the Philly Int. roster, in the 80s and 90s, included Patti Labelle, The Stylistics, Phyllis Hyman, and The Dells.
Between 1973 and '75, Gamble and Huff also had a boutique label called Golden Fleece, which released the second album by The Trammps. They also had a short-lived subsidiary called Thunder Records. Created by famed producer Thom Bell it only had two singles from Derek & Cyndi (You Bring Out the Best in Me/I'll Do the Impossible for You) who was produced by Bell, and Fatback Band member Michael Walker whose single (I Got the Notion, You Got the Motion) was produced by The Spinners' member Philippe Wynne.[2]
In the 1990s, Philadelphia International launched a new subsidiary, Uncensored Records. Featuring Damon and No Question, this label releases hip hop music. Philadelphia International now largely concentrates on licensing its music catalog worldwide and has issued few new recordings since the mid-80s, when Gamble and Huff wound down their studio work together.
In November, 2009, PBS aired the two-part special, "Love Train: The Sound of Philadelphia," which celebrates the legacy of Gamble & Leon Huff and the family Philadelphia International Records artists. The concert was shot in front of a live audience on Saturday, June 7, 2008 at the Borgata Hotel and Casino in Atlantic City, and showcased The O'Jays, Harold Melvin's Blue Notes, Russell Thompkins Jr. & The New Stylistics, The Delfonics, The Intruders, Jerry Butler, Bunny Sigler, Three Degrees, The Soul Survivors, Jean Carne, G.C. Cameron, The Sound Of Philadelphia Orchestra, and announcer Jerry Blavat.
In February 2010, Gamble and Huff suffered a setback when fire swept through parts of their offices on Philadelphia's Broad Street. The building was previously the home of another iconic part of the city's musical heritage, Cameo-Parkway Records, based there during the 1950s and 1960s, and has become a tourist attraction.
The fire was started deliberately by a man who had broken into the offices, and was so extremely intoxicated by alcoholic beverages (in excess of four times the legal limit for driving a vehicle, or 0.32% BAC), that he had no recollection of the crime afterward.[3]
In August 2011, in honor of the 40th Year Anniversary of the company, Philadelphia International Records launched TSOP Soul Radio, an online radio station that allows fans from all around the world the chance to tune in and listen to music and interviews from the legendary Gamble and Huff catalog.
Discography
- KZ 30580 - Going East - Billy Paul [1971] (10-71, #197)
- KZ 31648 - Harold Melvin & The Blue Notes - Harold Melvin & Blue Notes [1972] (9-72, #53)
- KZ 31712 - Back Stabbers - O'Jays [1972] (9-72, #10)
- KZ 31793 - 360 Degrees Of Billy Paul - Billy Paul [1972] (11-72, #17)
- KZ 31794 - Penny For Your Thoughts - Dick Jensen [1973]
- ZX 31991 - Save The Children - Intruders [1973] Reissue of Gamble KZ-31991.
- KZ 32046 - MFSB - MFSB [1973] (4-73, #131)
- KZ 32118 - Ebony Woman - Billy Paul [1973] (4-73, #186) Reissue of Neptune NLPS 201.
- KZ 32119 - Feelin' Good At The Cadillac Club - Billy Paul [1973] Reissue of Gamble SG 5002.
- KZ 32120 - The O'Jays In Philadelphia - O'Jays [1973] (4-73, #156) Reissue of Neptune NLPS 202.
- KZ 32131 - Super Hits - Intruders [1973] (reissue of Gamble *KZ 32131)
- KZ 32404 - Spiritual Concept - Spiritual Concept [1973]
- KZ 32406 - The Three Degrees - Three Degrees [1973] (12-74, #28)
- KZ/ZQ 32407 - Black And Blue - Harold Melvin & Blue Notes [1973] (11-73, #57)
- KZ/PZ/PZQ 32408 - Ship Ahoy - O'Jays [1973] (11-73, #11)
- KZ 32409 - War Of The Gods - Billy Paul [1973] (11-73, #110)
- KZ 32419 - The Ebonys - Ebonys [1973]
- KZ/ZQ 32707 - Love Is The Message - MFSB [1973] (1-74, #4)
- KZ 32713 - The Sound Of Philadelphia '73 - Various Artists [1973]
- KZ 32859 - That's How I'll Be Loving You - Bunny Sigler [1974]
- KZ 32952 - Live In Europe - Billy Paul [1974] (7-74, #187)
- KZ/PZQ 32953 - The O'Jays Live In London - O'Jays [1974] (6-74, #17)
- KZ/PZ 33148 - To Be True - Harold Melvin & Blue Notes featuring Theodore Pendergrass [1975] (3-75, #26)
- KZ 33150 - Survival - O'Jays [1975] (4-75, #11)
- KZ 33152 - Potpourri - Thad Jones & Mel Lewis [1975]
- KZ 33153 - Reality - Monk Montgomery [1974]
- KZ 33154 - Boogie Down U.S.A. - People's Choice [1975]
- PZ 33157 - Got My Head On Straight - Billy Paul [1975] (3-75, #140)
- PZ 33158 - Universal Love - MFSB [1975] (6-75, #44)
- KZ 33162 - International - Three Degrees [1975] (6-75, #99)
- KZ 33249 - Keep Smilin' - Bunny Sigler [1975]
- PZ/PZQ 33807 - Family Reunion - O'Jays [1975] (11-75, #7)
- PZ/PZQ 33808 - Wake Up Everybody - Harold Melvin & The Blue Notes Featuring Theodore Pendergrass [1975] (12-75, #9)
- PZ 33839 - Happy 'Bout The Whole Thing - Dee Dee Sharp [1976]
- PZ 33840 - The Three Degrees Live - Three Degrees [1975] (1-76, #199)
- PZ 33841 - Could It Be Magic - Anthony White [1976]
- PZ 33843 - When Love Is New - Billy Paul [1975] (12-75, #139)
- PZ/PZQ 33845 - Philadelphia Freedom - MFSB [1975] (12-75, #39)
- PZ 33957 - All Things in Time - Lou Rawls [1976] (6-76, #7)
- PZ 33958 - Travelin' In Heavy Trafic - Don Covay [1976]
- PZ 34079 - Life On Mars - Dexter Wansel [1976]
- PZ 34122 - From North Philly (Live) - Dap Sugar Willy [1976]
- PZ 34123 - Unemployment Blues - Force Of Nature [1976]
- JE/PE 34229 - The Jacksons - Jacksons [1976] (12-76, #36) (A joint Epic/Philadelphia International release)
- PZ 34232 - All Their Greatest Hits! - Harold Melvin & Blue Notes [1976] (7-76, #51)
- PZ 34238 - Summertime - MFSB [1976] (7-76, #106)
- PZ 34245 - Message in the Music - O'Jays [1976] (10-76, #20)
- PZ 34267 - My Music - Bunny Sigler [1976]
- PZ 34323 - Where Will You Go When The Party's Over - Archie Bell & Drells [1976]
- PZ 34346 - Bicentennial Poet - Jean-Claude T. [1976]
- PZ 34358 - Get Down With The Philly Jump - Instant Funk [1976]
- PZ 34389 - Let 'Em In - Billy Paul [1976] (1-77, #88)
- JZ34390 - Teddy Pendergrass - Teddy Pendergrass [1977] (3-77, #17)
- PZ 34394 - Jean Carn - Jean Carn [1977]
- PZ 34437 - What Color Is Love - Dee Dee Sharp [1977]
- PZ 34487 - What The World Is Coming To - Dexter Wansel [1977] (4-77, #168)
- PZ 34488 - Unmistakably Lou - Lou Rawls [1977] (4-77, #41)
- PZ 34658 - End Of Phase I - MFSB [1977]
- PZ 34659 - Let's Clean Up The Ghetto - Various Artists [1977]
- PZ 34684 - Travelin' at the Speed of Thought - O'Jays [1977] (6-77, #27)
- ZX 34728 - Disco Champs - Trammps [1977]
- JE/PE 34835 - Goin' Places - Jacksons [1977] (a joined Epic-Philadelphia International release)
- PZ 34855 - Hard Not To Like It - Archie Bell & Drells [1977]
- PZ 34923 - Only The Strong Survive - Billy Paul [1977] (1-78. #152)
- PZ 34940 - Philadelphia Classics - Various Artists [1977] (2-LP set)
- PZ 34985 - Voyager - Dexter Wansel [1978] (4-78, #139)
- PZ 34986 - Happy To Be With You - Jean Carn [1978]
- PGZ 35024/Z 2-35024 - The O'Jays: Collectors' Items - O'Jays [1977] (1-78, #132) (2-LP set)
- JZ35036 - When You Hear Lou, You've Heard It All - Lou Rawls [1977] (12-77, #41)
- JZ35095 - Life Is a Song Worth Singing - Teddy Pendergrass [1978]
- JZ/PZ 35355 - So Full of Love - O'Jays [1978] (4-78, #6)
- JZ35363 - Turn Me Loose - People's Choice [1978]
- JZ35458 - Past, Present And The Futures - Futures [1978]
- JZ35509 - Rush Hour - Bobby Rush [1978]
- JZ35510 - Nothing Says I Love You Like I Love You - Jerry Butler [1978]
- JZ35516 - The Gamble-Huff Orchestra - MFSB [1978]
- PZ 2-35517 - Live - Lou Rawls [1978] (11-78, #108) (2-LP set)
- JZ35756 - First Class - Billy Paul [1979]
- JZ35757 - The Jones Girls - Jones Girls [1979]You're Gonna Make Me Love Somebody Else
- JZ35758 - Edwin Birdsong - Edwin Birdsong [1979]
- JZ35800 - McFadden & Whitehead - McFadden & Whitehead [1979]
- FZ36003 - Teddy - Teddy Pendergrass [1979]
- JZ/PZ 36006 - Let Me Be Good To You - Lou Rawls [1979] (6-79, #49)
- JZ36007 - Michael Pedicin Jr. - Michael Pedicin Jr. [1979]
- JZ36024 - Time Is Slipping Away - Dexter Wansel [1979]
- FZ36027 - Identify Yourself - O'Jays [1979] (9-79, #16)
- JZ36036 - Frantique - Frantique [1979]
- JZ36096 - Strategy - Archie Bell & The Drells [1979]
- JZ36097 - The Force - Force [1979]
- JZ36196 - When I Find You Love - Jean Carn [1979]
- JZ36294 - Live! Coast to Coast - Teddy Pendergrass [1979] (2xLPs) (3 sides live recording-1 side studio recording)
- JZ/PZ 36304 - Sit Down and Talk to Me - Lou Rawls [1979] (1-80, #81)
- JZ36313 - The Harris Machine - Norman Harris [1980]
- Z 2-36314 - Best Of Billy Paul - Billy Paul [1980] (2-LP set)
- JZ36370 - Dee Dee - Dee Dee Sharp Gamble [1980]
- JZ36413 - The Best Love - Jerry Butler [1980]
- JZ36414 - Greetings Of Peace - Futures [1981]
- JZ36745 - TP - Teddy Pendergrass [1980]
- JZ36758 - Here to Create Music - Leon Huff [1980]
- JZ36767 - At Peace With Woman - Jones Girls [1980]
- JZ36774 - Shades of Blue - Lou Rawls [1980] (1-81, #110)
- FZ/PZ 37380 - The Spirit's in It - Patti Labelle [1981]
- FZ37491 - It's Time for Love - Teddy Pendergrass [1981]
- FZ37627 - Get As Much Love As You Can - Jones Girls [1981]
- FZ37683 - Live On Stage - Various Artists [1982]
- FZ37684 - Best Of Philadelphia International - Various Artists [1982]
- FZ37955 - 1982 - Stylistics [1982]
- FZ37999 - My Favorite Person - O'Jays [1982] (5-82, #49)
- FZ38118 - This One's For You - Teddy Pendergrass [1982]
- FZ/PZ 38518 - When Will I See You Again - O'Jays [1983] (8-83, #142)
- FZ38539 - I'm in Love Again - Patti Labelle [1983]
- FZ38555 - Keep It Comin' - Jones Girls [1984]
- FZ38646 - Heaven Only Knows - Teddy Pendergrass [1983]
- FZ39251 - Greatest Hits - O'Jays [1984]
- FZ39252 - Greatest Hits - Teddy Pendergrass [1984]
- PZ 39254 - Philadelphia International Dance Classics, Vol. I - Various Artists [1984]
- PZ 39255 - Philly Ballads, Volume I - Various Artists [1984]
- FZ39285 - Classics - Lou Rawls [1984]
- FZ39367 - Love And More - O'Jays [1984]
- FZ40020 - Patti - Patti Labelle [1985]
- 11006-1 - Prime of My Life - Phyllis Hyman [1991]
- 11008-1 - Universe - Universe [1991]
- 11023-2 - I Salute You - The Dells [1992] (CD only)
- 11040-1 - I Refuse to Be Lonely - Phyllis Hyman [1995]
- 30902 - Forever with You - Phyllis Hyman [1998]
References
External links